A PhD, or "Doctor of Philosophy," is the highest academic degree in a specific field. It involves doing extensive research and writing a dissertation that adds new knowledge to that field.
To become a university professor or researcher, you usually need a PhD. It’s commonly called a PhD, but in some places like Oxford, it’s known as a DPhil.
In the education system, you typically progress from high school to a bachelor's degree, then a master's degree, and finally a PhD. There is no higher degree than a PhD. So, after completing a PhD, you can either start your career or pursue more education, like another PhD or a master's in a different subject.
Some people also choose to do a postdoc after a PhD. However, that is more of a training that helps to bridge the gap between the student experience and the professional experience.
A PhD is recognised worldwide, and those who hold it are called "doctor," indicating their expertise. With a PhD, you can conduct research on your own or with others and share your findings with various professional communities, like engineers, doctors, and psychologists.
If you're interested in pursuing a PhD abroad, keep reading for important details on what a PhD is and how to obtain one.
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Table of Contents
- What is a PhD?
- When can a PhD be pursued?
- What happens during the PhD course?
- What is the process of getting a PhD?
- What are the requirements to earn a PhD degree abroad?
- Which subjects can PhD be pursued?
- How long does a PhD take?
- How is a PhD beneficial?
- Job opportunities after a PhD?
- Top 5 countries to do PhD abroad
- Frequently asked questions
What is a PhD?
A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a high-level degree that shows you have done advanced research in a specific subject. It typically takes 3-7 years to complete and involves finding new knowledge or insights in that field. People with a PhD can work in universities, research institutions, or specialised industries.
When can a PhD be pursued?
You can pursue a PhD after completing a master’s degree. Most students start a PhD program after earning a master’s, but some programs allow students with only a bachelor’s degree to enter directly. It usually requires a strong interest in a specific topic and a commitment to long-term study.
What happens during the PhD course?
During a PhD program, students take advanced classes and conduct independent research. They choose a topic, develop a proposal, and work closely with a faculty advisor. The main goal is to write a dissertation, which is a detailed document that presents their research findings and contributes new knowledge to their field.
What is the process of getting a PhD?
To get a PhD, you typically start by applying to a university and being accepted into a program.
The process of getting a PhD involves:
- Coursework: Completing required courses related to the chosen field.
- Research: Conducting original research and writing a dissertation.
- Defence: Defending the dissertation before a panel of experts.
Once you successfully defend your work, you earn your PhD.
Requirements and practices for earning a PhD can vary between countries and institutions. However, the general process involves rigorous academic work and a significant contribution to the field of study.
Explore PhD options around the world with Edvoy.
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What are the requirements to earn a PhD degree abroad?
Earning a PhD degree abroad requires you to meet specific academic and research prerequisites. Understanding these requirements is crucial for a successful application process.
- Academic qualifications: Usually a master's degree in a related field. Some countries/programs may accept exceptional bachelor's degree holders
- Language proficiency: Proof of English proficiency (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS) for non-native English speakers. Local language proficiency may be required in non-English speaking countries (e.g. France and Germany)
- Research proposal: A detailed outline of your intended research topic and research methodology
- Letters of recommendation: Typically 2-3 letters from academic or professional references
- Coursework: Some programs require completion of specific courses
- Comprehensive exams: Entry to many PhD programs includes written or oral exams to test broad knowledge in the field
- Time commitment: Usually 3-5 years full-time, though this can vary
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Which subjects can PhD be pursued?
Just like the bachelor’s and master’s degrees, a PhD degree can be attained in any stream or subject. Some major PhD subjects are given below.
- PhD in Science
- PhD in Maths
- PhD in Statistics
- PhD in Psychology
- PhD in Linguistics
- PhD in Finance
- PhD in Public Administration
- PhD in Physics
- PhD in Politics
- PhD in Environment
- PhD in Oceanology
- PhD in English Literature
- PhD in Engineering
- PhD in Business Management
- PhD in Humanities and Social Sciences
- PhD in Botany
How long does a PhD take?
- A PhD usually takes about 3 to 5 years of full-time study.
- Some programs, depending on the complexity of the research and the field of study, can stretch up to 5 or even 6 years.
- Part-time PhDs often take longer, typically around 6 to 7 years.
The journey can be intense and demanding, but it's incredibly rewarding.
How is a PhD beneficial?
Pursuing a PhD can offer several advantages, including:
- You'll gain in-depth knowledge and specialised skills in your area of research.
- On average, individuals with a PhD tend to earn more over their careers compared to those with only a bachelor's or master's degree.
- A PhD can open doors to advanced positions in academia, research, and industry, often leading to roles that require high levels of expertise.
- You'll have opportunities to connect with experts, scholars, and professionals in your field, which can lead to collaborations and job opportunities.
- Many PhD programs offer teaching opportunities, which can be beneficial if you’re considering an academic career.
- You'll have the chance to contribute original research that can advance your field and impact society.
- If you have a passion for learning and discovery, a PhD can be a deeply rewarding experience.
- A PhD can allow for diverse career paths, including academia, industry, government, and non-profits.
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Job opportunities after a PhD?
Completing a PhD opens up a whole universe of career opportunities.
- Academia: Becoming a professor or lecturer, conducting research, and publishing papers.
- Industry Research and Development: Leading projects and developing innovative solutions in tech, pharmaceuticals, etc.
- Consulting: Providing expert advice in your field to businesses and organisations.
- Government and Policy: Working on research to inform public policy or in advisory roles.
- Non-profit Sector: Leading initiatives or conducting research for NGOs.
- Entrepreneurship: Starting your own company or joining a startup as a key innovator.
- Science Communication and Journalism: Translating complex research into accessible content.
- Higher Education Administration: Working in university leadership and management.
With a PhD, you’re not limited to one path. You’ve got the freedom to explore a variety of fields where your expertise and skills can make a huge impact.
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Top 5 countries to do PhD abroad
The best 5 countries for doing a PhD along with the average annual cost of PhD are given in the table below.
Key takeaways
- A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree.
- You typically need a master’s degree to apply for a PhD, but some programs accept students with just a bachelor’s degree.
- A PhD is recognised worldwide, and those who earn it can use the title "Doctor."
- PhD graduates typically earn more than those with bachelor's or master's degrees.
- A PhD usually takes about 3 to 5 years of full-time study.
- With a PhD, you can work in various fields, including academia, research, industry, government, and non-profits. It opens doors to advanced roles and higher salaries.
Frequently asked questions
What does a PhD stand for exactly?
PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy, a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities.
Can a PhD holder be called a “doctor”?
Yes, PhD holders are entitled to use the title “doctor” as a mark of their academic achievement.
How long is a PhD degree in India vs abroad?
In India, a PhD typically takes 3-6 years. Abroad, it generally takes 3-5 years depending on the country and field of study.
How many years for PhD should one dedicate?
One should expect to dedicate around 3-6 years for a PhD, depending on the program and research requirements.
Which country is the best for a PhD abroad?
Top countries for pursuing a PhD include the USA, UK, Germany, Canada, and Australia, known for their advanced research facilities and quality education.
What is the qualification for PhD?
Typically, a master's degree in a relevant field is required, along with a strong academic record and research proposal.
Can I complete PhD in 2 years?
Completing a PhD in 2 years is extremely rare and generally not feasible due to the extensive research and thesis requirements involved.
